What Is Retinal Detachment?
The retina is the eye's light-sensing tissue — like film in a camera. When this delicate layer separates from the tissue beneath it, it can't function properly, and the longer it remains untreated, the greater the chance of irreversible vision loss. Once retinal cells are damaged, they can't regenerate, which is why ophthalmologists treat this as an emergency.
Types of Retinal Detachment
Rhegmatogenous
The most common form — a tear or hole lets fluid seep underneath the retina. Linked to ageing and severe short-sightedness.
Tractional
Scar tissue contracts and pulls the retina away. Common in uncontrolled diabetes and retinal disease.
Exudative
No tear is present — fluid builds up due to inflammation, tumours or vascular problems.
Risk Factors
The 5 Warning Signs
Sudden Floaters
A sudden shower of new floaters — specks or cobwebs drifting across your vision.
Flashes of Light
Flashing lights, especially in your peripheral vision.
Blurred or Distorted Vision
A change from normally clear vision to blurriness or waviness.
Dark Curtain or Shadow
A shadow progressively crossing your field of vision.
Peripheral Vision Loss
Gradual disappearance of side vision, or a tunnel-vision effect.
Seek same-day medical attention
Experiencing sudden floaters or flashes?
Don't wait — contact us immediately for an urgent assessment.
Treatment Options
Laser Photocoagulation
Seals small retinal tears or holes to prevent fluid passing underneath.
Cryotherapy
Freezes the tissue around a tear, creating stabilising scar tissue.
Pneumatic Retinopexy
A gas bubble is injected into the eye, using pressure to reattach the retina.
Scleral Buckle Surgery
A silicone band placed around the eye gently pushes the wall against the detached retina.
For complex or severe cases, a vitrectomy may be used to remove the vitreous gel pulling on the retina, replacing it with gas, air or silicone oil.
Conclusion
Retinal detachment is one of the few true eye emergencies — and one of the most treatable, if caught in time. Recognising the early warning signs and acting on them immediately, rather than dismissing them as “normal eye changes”, is what protects your sight.
Frequently Asked Questions
It's less common, but possible. A prior detachment increases the risk in the other eye, which is why close monitoring is recommended.
Written by
Dr Parth ShahDr Parth Shah is director and principal ophthalmologist at Clarity Eye Surgeons, with experience managing retinal emergencies including detachment.
Don't ignore sudden vision changes
Contact us immediately if you notice floaters, flashes or a shadow in your vision.
